GRAMATICAL ENGLISH

TENSES

(perubahan waktu)

Soal – soal yang berhubungan langsung dengan materi gramatical English / aturan kebahasaan seperti tenses, question word, question tag, dll, pada UN 2008 tidak saya temukan, namun untuk pemahaman yang lebih baik, sebaiknya materi – materi gramatical English / aturan – aturan kebahasaan dalam bahasa inggris tetap dipelajarai.

Tanpa mengesampingkan bentuk tenses yang lain, pertanyaan tentang tenses yang sering sekali muncul dalam Ujian Nasional SMP adalah pertanyaan tentang penggunaan Verb dalam tenses Simple Present tense, simple past tense dan present continuous tense.

Pertanyaan biasanya akan muncul dari sebuah dialog pendek atau paragraph pendek. Langkah – langkah yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menjawab adalah:

Analisis dahulu pilihan jawabannya. Pebedaan apa yang muncul dari pilihan jawaban tersebut.
Jika pada pilihan ganda terdapat perbedaan penggunaan tenses, maka:

ü Tidak perlu mengartikan text ataupun dialog dalam soal, tapi setelah mengetahui perbedaan tenses antar pilihan ganda tersebut maka analisislah penggunaan tenses pada kalimat yang utuh dalam soal (kalimat yang ada pertanyaan/titik2nya) dengan melihat verb/to be yang dipakai atau keterangan waktunya.

ü Jika kata yang hilang dalam soal yang berbentuk dialog berada di 'kalimat jawaban' maka jawabannya akan menggunakan tenses yang sama dengan 'kalimat pertanyaan' yang biasanya berada di atasnya, demikian juga sebaliknya.

ü Jika kata yang hilang berada dalam soal yang bebentuk text, maka jawabannya pastilah menggunakan tenses yang sama dengan kalimat sebelum atau sesudahnya.

Jawaban akan pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan tenses akan sangat mudah sekali dicari jika kamu memahami dengan benar perbedaan antar tenses.

Tenses	Fungsi	Rumus	Keterangan Waktu
Simple Present Tense	- berlaku sekarang - kebiasaan yang masih berlangsung - kebenaran umum/fakta	- Subj + to be (am/is/ are) + … - Subj + V₁(V₁/V_1+s/es) + …	Everyday/week/month, often, generally, usually, always, once, twice, …
Present Continuous Tense	- kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang	- Subj + to be (am/is/ are) + V_1+ing + …	Now, at present, today, …
Present Perfect Tense	- kegiatan yang telah terjadi sampai waktu sekarang/baru saja terjadi	- Subj + (have/has) + V₃ + …	For ….. , since, already, just,
Simple Past Tense	- kegiatan pada masa lampau	- Subj + to be (was/ were) + … - Subj + V₂ + …	Yesterday, last week/month, … ago
Past Continuous Tense	- kegiatan yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau	- Subj + to be (was/ were) + V_1+ing + …	This time yesterday, at 10 last night, while, as, when, …
Future Tense	- kegiatan yang dilakukan pada masa akan datang / belum terjadi	- Subj + (will/shall) + V₁ + … - Subj + to be (am/is/ are) + going to + V₁	Tomorrow, next week/month/year, tonight

Questions:

1. No. 8/UN/2005

Anto : Did you go to the public library over there yesterday?

Iwan : Yes, and your nephew Rudi was there too. He … me his new address.

Anto : That’s good. So you can go to his house anytime without me.

Iwan : Sure

a. gives b. gave c. give d. given

2. No. 18/UN/2005

Yulia : Have you bought the material for your costume, Anna?

Anna : Yes, I have asked the dressmaker to sew them.

Yulia : When will your costume be finished?

Anna : In the next two days. Don’t worry I … them

a. take b. took c. will take d. am taking

3. No. 19/UN/2006

Hotma : We will have a vacation, won’t we?

Helena : Yes. What is your plan?

Hotma : Nothing, what about you?

Helena : I … my grandparents in Lombok.

a. visit b. visited c. have visited d. am going to visit

4. No. 20/UN/2006

Idham : Can he speak English?

Fajar : Probably. He … the English course for 3 years.

a. is joining b. has joined c. will join d. joins

5. No. 20/UN/2006

Yemin Lovola is a Mexican girl. She … in Indonesia since last year. She is here to study Indonesia culture in a private university in Central Java.

a. is b. was c. has been d. have been

6. No. 21/UN/2006

Shinta : Why didn't you come to the meeting yesterday?

Ratna : Sorry, Shin

Shinta : What's wrong?

Ratna : I … Mom prepare the meals for a meeting.

a. have helped b. will help c. helped d. help

7. No. 21/UN/2006

Teacher : Did you enjoy your vacation, boys and girls?

Sandy : Yes sir. I … to Singapore.

Adnan : Did You?

Sandi : Yes.

a. go b. went c. will go d. am going

8. No3/UN/2007/A

Lidya : What a lovely purse!

Anne : Thank you. I … it myself.

Lidya : Did you?

Anne : Yes, I did.

a. make b. made c. am making d. was making

9. No. 3/UN/2007/B

William Shakespeare was born in 1564 at Stratford-on-Avon in England. When he left school, William was employed by his father. He … a local girl, Anne Hathaway, when he was eighteen.

a. marries b. married c. will marry d. have married

QUESTION WORD

(kata tanya)

Question Words	Arti	Fungsi	Contoh
Who	Siapa	Menanyakan orang	-Who is singing now? - Nila
What	Apa	Menanyakan benda	-What did you buy in the stationary yesterday? - A bought a book
Where	Dimana	Menanyakan tempat	-Where is your father? -He is un the bed room
When	Kapan	Menanyakan waktu	-When did you visit Bali? -I went there a year ago
Why	Mengapa	Menanyakan sebab/alasan	-Why do you come late? -Because of transportation
Whose	Kepunyaan siapa	Menanyakan milik	-Whose book is it? -It is mine
Which	Yang mana	Menanyakan pilihan	-Which dress do you like? -I like the red one
How often	Seberapa sering	Menanyakan keseringan	-How often do you do to the cinema? -Once a month
How Many	Seberapa banyak	Menanyakan jumlah (kata benda dapat dihitung)	-How many brothers do you have? -I have two brothers
How Much	Seberapa banyak	Menanyakan jumlah (kata benda tidak dapat dihitung)	-How much water do you need? -I need three glasses

Note:

Kata Tanya "How" mempunyai banyak variasi, antara lain: How far (seberapa jauh), how old (berapa umur), how long (seberapa panjang/lama), how good (seberapa baik), how weight (berapa berat), how wide (berapa lebar/luas), how deep (berapa dalam), dll

Questions:

1. No.7/UN/2003

Mr. Hasan : My son is going to study abroad. He needs a new sweater. Do you have one?

Assistant : Sure, we have a lot. They are made in several sizes and colors. … sweater do you want, a red one or a black one.

Mr. Hasan : The red one, please.

Assistant : Here you are.

a. Who b. Where c. Which d. What

2. No. 9/UN/2005

Father : Boys, come here. I’ve got something for you.

Boys : Oh, what a surprise! Toy cars. Thank you, Dad

Father : Andi, … do you want?

Andi : Can I have the red one, please?

Agus : I don’t mind the blue one.

a. which one b. which ones c. what car d. whose car

3. No.26/UN/2005

Dita : People say that it is dangerous to swim in this river. … is it?

Ruri : About 6 meters, I think.

a. How long b. How good c. How deep d. How far

4. No.28/UN/2006

Alice : Your country is really beautiful.

Tina : Yeah, it is. But I bet your country is beautiful too. I’d like to visit you in Sidney, it’s my dream.

Alice : You can come any time you like.

Tina : By the way, … is Australia from here?

Alice : It’s about 20.000 kilometres.

a. how long b. how far c. how height d. how old

5. No.2/UN/2007/A

Dony : … do you go fishing?

Deni : Once a week

a. How far b. How long c. How often d. How many

6. No.2/UN/2007/B

Lusi : … is your school from the bus station?

Anti : It's about two kilometres

a. How long b. How wide c. How far d. How

QUESTION TAG

(pertanyaan untuk meyakinkan)

Ketentuan Umum:

Kalimat pernyataan	Question tag
positif (+) negatif (-) “not’ dapat disingkat/tidak memakai kata ganti/tidak	negatif(-) positif(+) “not” selalu sidingkat selalu memakai kata ganti(pronoun)

A. Kalimat pernyataan menggunakan To be (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had)

Example: - His father is a doctor, isn’t he?

- Julia wasn’t absent, was she?

- Linda has returned your book, hasn’t she?

B. Kalimat pernyataan menggunakan Modal (can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, should, would)

Example: - Rini can speak English well, can’t she?

- You won’t come late, will you?

C. Kalimat pernyataan menggunakan Kata kerja Bantu / auxiliary verb

Example: - You don’t know her name, do you?

- Andi didn’t work at Bank, did he?

D. Kalimat pernyataan Simple present tense

Example: - They go to work by bus, don’t they?

- She always comes early, doesn’t she?

E. Kalimat pernyataan Simple past tense

Example: - He went to the movie last night, didn’t he?

- Rani got the best mark in the English test, didn’t she?

Questions:

1. No. 34/UAN/2003

Hasyim : Lampung has four star hotels, …

Ilyas : Yes, do you want to go there?

Hasyim : No, I just want to know.

a. don’t they? b. doesn’t it? c. hasn’t it? d. has it?

2. No. 27/UN/2005

Andien : You’ll have the audition next week, … ?

Delon : Yes, pray for me.

Andien : Good luck to you.

a. won’t you b. will you c. don’t you d. do you

3. No. 41/UN/2005

Ari : She usually travels by train, …

Adi : Yes, she prefers to go by train to bus because it’s more comfortable.

a. doesn’t she? b. does she? c. is she? d. won’t she?

4. No. 27/UN/2006

Aldi : Travelling by train is more comfortable than by bus, … ?

Ina : Yes, it’s cheaper, too.

a. don’t you b. aren’t you c. doesn’t it d. isn’t it

ELLIPTIC STRUCTURE

(penggabungan dua kalimat)

A. Penggabungan dua kalimat positif

……… + and + Subj + (modal/tobe/Aux V) + too (…………. .dan [subj] juga)

……… + and + so + (modal/tobe/Aux V) + subj (…………...dan demikian juga [subj] )

Kalimat positif menggunakan modal

- Rini must study hard

- We must study hard

Rini must study hard and we must too

Rini must study hard and so must we

Kalimat positif menggunakan To be

- Andy is a student

- I am a student

Andy is a student and I am too

Andy is a student and so am I

Kalimat positif Simple present tense

- Dini always gets up early

- Rina always gets up early

Dini always gets up early and Rina does too

Dini always gets up early and so does Rina

Kalimat positif Simple past tense

- She went to Bali last holiday

- We went to Bali last holiday

She went to Bali last holiday and we did too

She went to Bali last holiday and so did we

B. Penggabungan dua kalimat negatif

……… + and + Subj + (modal/tobe/Aux V) + not either (…………. .dan [subj] juga)

……… + and + neither + (modal/tobe/Aux V) + subj (…………...dan demikian juga [subj] )

Example: - I am not a teacher

- Andi is not a teacher

I am not a teacher and Andi is not either

I am not a teacher and neither is Andi

C. Penggabungan dua kalimat campuran(positif dan negatif)

……… + but/while + Subj + (modal/tobe/Aux V)

Example: 1. - I am a student

- Mr. Anton is not a student

I am a student but/while Mr. Anton isn’t

2. - I don’t agree to have a study tour to Bali

- Andy agrees to have a study tour to Bali

I don’t agree to have a study tour to Bali but/while Andy does

Questions:

1. No. 53/UAN/2003

A forest guard saw a hunter and woodcutter in the jungle. He then approached them.

Forest Guard : Guys! Give me your gun and axes. This is a conservation area. You are forbidden to cut down the trees and shoot the animals

Hunter : I didn't shoot animals

Woodcutter :

a. I did too b. Neither did I c. So did I d. I don't either

2. No 58/UN/2005

Rica : What do you learn in the geography class?

Dian : A lot of things. We learn how to read maps, about our country’s natural resources, and so on.

Rica : Do you use encyclopaedia?

Dian : I don’t have an encyclopaedia and … does my teacher.

a. neither b. either c. so d. too

3. No 43/UN/2006

Annisa : Have you finished Mr. Obey’s assignment?

Rinto : Yes, of course, how about you?

Annisa : …

a. I have too b. So do I c. Neither have I d. I don’t either

CONJUNCTION

(kata sambung)

1. And (dan)

Menghubungkan tambahan informasi (satu keadaan dan satu situasi)

Example: - Dina saw a cat and a mouse.

2. But (tetapi)

Menghubungkan dua pernyataan yang saling bertentangan(sebab akibat)

Example: - My sister dropped the vase, but it didn’t break

3. Or (atau)

Menghubungkan dua pernyataan yang menyatakan pilihan

Example: - Would you like to buy apple or orange?

4. So (dengan demikian)

Menghubungkan dua pernyataan yang menyatakan hubungan sebab akibat (tapi bukan pertentangan)

Example: - It began to rain, so I opened my umbrella.

5. Because (karena)

Menghubungkan dua pernyataan akibat sebab

Example: - She didn’t go to school because she was sick.

6. Although, even thought (meskipun)

Mengubungkan dua pernyataan yang menyatakan pertentangan(akibat sebab)

Example: - He didn’t go to bed early although he was really tired

7. When (ketika)

Menghubungkan dua pernyataan yang terjadi pada saat bersamaan.

Example: - The rainbow happens when there is sunlight after the rain.

8. If (jika)

Menghubungkan dua pernyataan yang menyatakan persyaratan

Example: - If you study hard, you will pass the National Examination.

9. Both … and ….. (baik ….. maupun ….)

Example: - Both his sister and his brother study in Australia.

10. Not only but also (tidak hanya … tetapi juga …)

Example: - She is not only beautiful but also smart.

Questions:

1. No. 48/UAN/2003

Lilik : I haven’t see Andriyani since this morning. Did you see her?

Alma : Yes, she felt tired after dancing for the festival … she is having rest in her room now.

Lilik : Oh, I see.

a. or b. and c. but d. so

2. No. 48/UN/2005

Christ : Excuse me; I must go to bed now

Steve : Why? It’s only a quarter to nine

Christ : Well … I don’t want to come late for the conference tomorrow morning. Good night.

Steve : Have a good sleep

a. when b. thought c. because d. but

3. No. 54/UN/2005

Bogi : Could you tell me how to get to the National Park Information Center?

Koke : Sure. Right over there. You will … get information from it … you will get a member card for hiking.

a. not only, but, also b. but, also, not only c. also, but, not only d. but, not only, also

4. No. 49/UN/2006

Choose the best word to complete the message.

a. although b. but c. and d. if

5. No. 50/UN/2006

Teacher : You’re late again. What happened this time?

Hengky : I overslept, Sir.

Teacher : … nobody woke you up?

Hengky : That’s right, Sir.

a. But b. So c. And d. Nevertheless

6. No. 35/UN/2007/A

… all the animals saw them coming, they ran away as fast as they could.

a. If b. So c. When d. And

COMPARISON

(perbandingan)

A. Comparison of adverb (kata keterangan) and adjective (kata sifat)

Suku kata

Positive degree (kata dasar)

Comparative degree (lebih …)

Superlative degree (paling/ter …)

Kata sifat

# satu suku kata

Fat

Hard

Fatter

Harder

Fattest

Hardest

# dua suku kata

Wise

Clever

Busy

Pretty

Wiser

Cleverer

Busier

Prettier

Wisest

Cleverest

Busiest

Prettiest

# tiga suku kata/lebih

Important

Interesting

More important

More interesting

Most important

Most interesting

# tak beraturan

Good

Bad

Ill

Much

Many

Little

Old

Far

Better

Worse

Less

Older/elder

Farther/further

Best

Worst

Most

Least

Oldest/eldest

Farthest/furthest

Kata keterangan cara

Carefully

Slowly

Well

Badly

More carefully

More slowly

Better

Worse

Most carefully

Most slowly

Best

worst

B. Comparison of positive degree (menyatakan persamaan kedudukannya/posisinya)

… As + positive adjective + as = sama … seperti

Example: - Tina is 16 years old. Doni is 16 years old = Tina is as old as Doni.

C. Comparison of comparative degree (ada yang lebih dari yang lain)

… Comparative adjective + than … = …. Lebih … daripada …

Example: - Kalimantan island is larger than Java island.

- Didik got 9 for English test. Dodi got 7 = Dodik is cleverer than Dodi in English.

D. Comparison of superlative degree

… the + superlative adjective + … = … paling …..

Example: - Wina got 9 for mathematic. Andy got 8 and Ita got 6 = Wina is the cleverest student.

Questions:

1. No. 17/UN/2005

Harti : The game was very interesting

Ririn : was it? Who was the winner?

Harti : Wina. She is … than Julia.

a. smart b. as smart c. smarter d. the smartest

2. No. 45/UN/2005

Binoculars suitcase knap-sack

Rp. 550.000,00 Rp. 375.000,00 Rp. 100.000,00

Based on the pictures above, the binoculars are …

a. cheaper than the suit case c. the most expensive among them

b. the same prices as the knap-sock d. less expensive than the knap-sock

3. No. 56/UN/2005

A : How did Andy jog in the race?

B : He jog quickly

A : Really? How about Cendy?

B : He was the winner. So he jogged …

a. as quickly as the others c. more quickly than Andi

b. very quickly d. the quickest of all

4. No. 17/UN/2006

Appliances

Price

Microwave

Vacuum Cleaner

Washing Machine

Refrigerator

Electric Coffee maker

Rp. 1.950.000,00

Rp. 2.750.000,00

Rp. 1.250.000,00

Rp. 2.010.000,00

Rp. 237.000,00

The list shows that a washing machine is … a microwave.

a. the most expensive c. cheaper than

b. the same price as d. as cheap as

5. No. 6/UN/2007/A

Television Refrigerator Washing machine

Rp. 1.500.000,00 Rp. 2.200.000,00 Rp. 1.400.000,00

Based on the pictures above, the refrigerator is …

a. cheaper than the washing machine c. the most expensive

b. the cheapest of all d. as expensive as television

6. No. 6/UN/2007/B

Canada - 9,976,000 square kilometers.

U.S.A - 9,363,000 square kilometers

Brazil - 8.512.000 square kilometers

Canada is the … country among them.

a. large b. largest c. bigger d. smallest

MODAL

(kata Bantu pengandaian)

Modal

Fungsi

Examples

Can

- menyatakan kemampuan (ability)

- menyatakan permintaan izin (permission)

- He can drive a car

- Can I borrow your motorbike?

Could

- bentuk lampau dari can

- menyatakan permintaan dengan sopan

- Mother can swim well when she was young.

- Could you take that book to me?

May

- menyatakan izin

- menyatakan kemungkinan

- He may not leave the lesson

- He may be in his office

Must

- menyatakan kewajiban

- menyatakan kesimpulan

- We must study hard

- She look pale and tired, she must be ill.

Shall

- menyatakan suatu kegiatan akan dilakukan

- untuk menawarkan bantuan

- I shall return your book

- Shall I open the window?

Should

- menyatakan saran

- She should not come late

Will

- berarti akan

- menyatakan ajakan / undangan

- We will visit Bali next month

- Will you come to my party?

would

- bentuk lampau dari will

- permintaan dengan sopan

- She said that she would help you

- Would you open the window for me?

Questions:

1. No. 24/EBTANAS/2001

Nadya : … this letter?

Lisa : I’m sorry; I have some work to do.

a. Can I post c. Could you post

b. Should I post d. Would you like me to post

2. No. 5/UAN/2003

Reza : I’ve got a problem with my computer. … you repair it?

Rudy : Yes, but have you brought it a computer technician before?

Reza : Not, yet

Rudy : Bring your computer and I will check it

a. Will b. Shall c. Can d. Must

3. No. 7/UN/2005

Roy : Who is the girl next to your father?

Ivan : She is Lucy, my cousin

Roy : She speaks English fluently, doesn’t she?

Ivan : Yes. Do you know she … speak four different languages?

Roy : Really?

a. must b. may c. can d. should

PRONOUN AND INDEFINITE PRONOUN

(kata ganti dan kata ganti tidak tentu)

A. PRONOUN

Kata Ganti	Sebagai subject	Sebagai object	Sebagai possessive (kepemilikan)		Reflexive (…sendiri)
Kata Ganti	Sebagai subject	Sebagai object	+ Nuon (k.benda)	- Noun	Reflexive (…sendiri)
Orang pertama tunggal	I	Me	My …	Mine	Myself
Orang kedua tunggal	You	You	Your …	Yours	Yourself
Orang ketiga tunggal laki-laki	He	Him	His …	His	Himself
Orang ketiga tunggal perempuan	She	Her	Her …	Hers	Herself
Orang pertama jamak	We	Us	Our …	Ours	Our selves
Orang kedua jamak	You	You	Your …	Yours	You selves
Orang ketiga jamak	They	Them	Their …	Their	Them selves
Benda/binatang tunggal	It	It	Its …	-	Their
Benda/binatang jamak	They	Them	Their	-	Them selves

B. INDEFINITE PRONOUN

No		Orang	Benda	Tempat
1	Some… (beberapa)	Somebody	Something	Somewhere
2	Any… (ada)	Anybody	Anything	Anywhere
3	None(tidak ada)	Nobody	Nothing	Nowhere
4	Every…(setiap)	Everybody	Everything	Everywhere

Questions:

1. No. 41/UAN/2003

Roni : Did you enjoy your holiday, Tina?

Tina : Of course I did. … felt very happy except Ervan. He lost his shoes.

a. Everybody b, Anybody c. Nobody d. Somebody

2. No. 46/UN/2005

Cici : I can’t find my Biology book. Does … know where it is?

Betty : Eko came here just now and took the book. He is going to get it in the afternoon

Cici : I see.

a. everybody b. nobody c. anybody d. somebody

3. No. 36/UN/2007/A

…………………………….. When all animals saw them coming, … ran away as fast as they could. …………………………………………………………………………………………….

a. he b. it c. she d. they

4. No. 35/UN/2007/B

…………………….. ……..I pulled in the line and to my surprise; there was a small fish at the end of the line. … was so small that I did not feel anything on the line. ……………………..

a. It b. She c. He d. They

DEMONSTATIVE PRONOUN AND UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

A. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN (kata ganti penunjuk)

1. Some – any

a. Some

· Dipakai dalam kalimat positif

· Diikuti kata beda tidak dapat dihitung

Ex: There is only some oil in the bottle

· Diikuti kata benda dapat dihitung jamak

Ex: There are some books in the cupboard

b. Any

· Dipakai dlam kalimat negatif dan kalimat Tanya

Ex: - There isn’t any water in the reservoir

- Do you still have any money?

· Diikuti kata banda dapat dihitung atau kata benda tidak dapat dihitung

Ex: - There isn’t any water in the reservoir

- She doesn’t have any books.

· Berarti ‘sembarang’ bila dipakai dalam kalimat positif

Ex: You may read any book you like.

2. Little – few / a little – a few

a. Little – a little

· Berarti sedikit. Diikuti kata benda tidak dapat dihitung

Ex. I have only a little money

b. Few – a few

· Berarti sedikit. Diikuti kata benda dapat dihitung jamak

Ex: There are only a few books in the bag

3. A lot of – many - much

a. a lot of

· Berarti banyak. Diikuti kata benda dapat dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung

Ex: - Father has a lot of hens.

- She has a lot of money

b. Many

· Berarti banyak. Diikuti kata benda dapat dihitung jamak

Ex: Father keeps many rabbits

c. Much

· Berarti banyak. Diikuti kata benda tidak dapat dihitung

Ex: There is much water in the reservoir

B. UNIT OF MEASUREMENT (pembilangan)

q a bar of soap = sepotong sabun

q a bowl of rice = semangkok nasi

q a bunch of banana = sesisir pisang

q a bunch of flower = seikat bunga

q a block of salt = sebongkah garam

q a cup of tea = secangkir kopi

q a piece of paper = secarik kertas

q a pair of shoes = sepasang sepatu

q a slice of meat = seiris daging

q a slice of onion = seiris bawang

q a slice of bread = sepotong roti

q a spoonful of sugar = sessendok gula

Questions:

1. No. 29/UN/2000

Mother : Nadya, please bring me some salt!

Nadya : There is not … salt left in the container. Shall I buy some?

a. a few b. some c. any d. many

2. No. 9/UAN/2003

Rita : Mom, I would like t make an omelette. What ingredients do I need to prepare?

Mother : Prepare two or three eggs, five … of onion, a little chilli, and some coconut oil.

a. sheet b. slices c. slice d. sacks

3. No. 42/UN/2005

Fenny : Which newspaper is yours? This one or that one?

Yudo : … of them

Fenny : Are they?

Yudo : Yes. Because not only the Surabaya Post but also the Jakarta Post is good and useful for me.

a. Some b. Each c. Both d. None

4. No. 54/UN/2005

Books, which give instructions on how to do things, are very popular in the United States today. Thousands of these “how to” books are available. One book may tell you how to earn more money, another may tell how to give your money away. But … of the books give advice on how to save and spend money.

a. a little b. none c. both d. a few

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

(kalimat persyaratan)

A. FUTURE CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

If + present tense, present future

S + V_1/+s/es S + shall/can + V₁

Will/may

Example: - If she invites me, I will come to the party

- If he doesn’t study hard, he won’t pass the National Exam

- If the weather is fine, we will climb up the mountain

B. PRESENT CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

If + past perfect, past future

S + V_2/was/were, S + should/could + V₁

Would/might

Example: - If he came late, the teacher would be angry

- If she studied hard, she would pass the test

- If he were ill, he would see the doctor

C. PAST CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

If + past perfect, past future perfect

S + had + V₃ S + should/could + have + V₃

Would/might

Questions:

1. Joni : Have you decided to buy the computer today?

Ratna : I can’t say anything. I will buy if …

a. if the price goes down c. if it is expansive

b. if father gave me the money d. if the price goes up

EXPRESSING WONDER

(kekaguman)

What /how+ Adjective + Noun + Subject(pronoun) + Predicate(tobe)

Example: - What a wonderful temple it is (alangkanh menakjubkannya candi itu)

- How beautiful that artist she is (alangkah cantiknya artis itu)

Questions:

1. No. 47/UN/2005

Mini : Wow, …

Lili : Yes, this is also the fastest cruise. It is called “quick cat”

Mini : How long does it take to get to Lembongan Island

Lili : Only 45 minutes

a. what’s a ship c. what a boring cruise is!

b. what a fast cruise it is! d. what a luxurious cruise it is!

2. No. 33/UN/2006

Dion : Wow! … ! Is it yours?

Nita : Yes. I bought it last month

Dion : It is very expensive, isn’t it?

Nita : Not really. I am sure you can buy a car like this.

a. what luxurious car is it c. How luxurious car is it

b. what a luxurious car it is d. how a luxurious car is

Kamis, 25 Desember 2008